The project addresses the study of relationships between recent demographic trends and social behaviors and aims to advance knowledge of their mutual connections, formulate interpretative hypotheses of current behaviors, and provide useful elements to guide policy interventions by decision-makers. The transformations that have occurred in the population structure, the need to support women’s participation in the labor market, the phenomenon of violence against women, the evolution of gender relations, immigration from non-EU countries, and the need to promote interest in scientific research among the population, especially young people, are all relevant aspects from a social, political, and economic perspective in relation to ongoing changes and the impact they will have on our society. It is therefore important to continue exploring these issues through specific studies and the development of new analytical methods and intervention tools.